Главная страница

> Энциклопедический словарь Железнова, страница 295 > Магдебургския полушария

Магдебургския полушария

Магдебургские полушария, физический прибор, изобрет. Герике (см.у и служащий для наглядного доказательства существования равномерно передаваемого во всех направлениях атмосферного давления. Два пустых медных полушария складываются вместе. Для того, чтобы они плотно соприкасались, края их покрыты кожаными кольцами, смазанными салом. Одно из полушарий снабжено трубкою с краном для выкачивания воздуха, другое кольцом. Сложенные полушария легко разнимаются, так как между давлением внутреннего и наружного воздуха существует полное равновесие. Если же выкачать внутренний воздух, то атмосфера давит снаружи с такой силой, что требуется значительное усилие для разнятия полушарий. Герике делал большия (диаметром в 0,95 локтя) полушария, которых не могли разнять 24 лошади.

Направник/436822/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53606', 10 => '0', ), 3 => array ( 0 => '/Павсаний/453572/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53656', 10 => '0', ), 4 => array ( 0 => '/Нарцисс/437272/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53660', 10 => '0', ), 5 => array ( 0 => '/Ляцкий/416102/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53676', 10 => '0', ), 6 => array ( 0 => '/Маврикий/416222/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259F%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB-C%25D0%25B7H4Na%2F466172%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53684', 10 => '0', ), 7 => array ( 0 => '/Марлант/421572/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%2F437272%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53700', 10 => '0', ), 8 => array ( 0 => '/Мавритания/416262/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53708', 10 => '0', ), 9 => array ( 0 => '/Немезида/439492/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53722', 10 => '0', ), 10 => array ( 0 => '/Окольные-люди/447172/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:29', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53732', 10 => '0', ), 11 => array ( 0 => '/Нарцисс/437282/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53742', 10 => '0', ), 12 => array ( 0 => '/Линга/408512/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53746', 10 => '0', ), 13 => array ( 0 => '/Монгольфьер/431652/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53750', 10 => '0', ), 14 => array ( 0 => '/Маршалок/422102/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53760', 10 => '0', ), 15 => array ( 0 => '/Пагодит/453632/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53776', 10 => '0', ), 16 => array ( 0 => '/Мартиролог/421922/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53792', 10 => '0', ), 17 => array ( 0 => '/Лейцин/404732/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53804', 10 => '0', ), 18 => array ( 0 => '/Мартов/421962/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53844', 10 => '0', ), 19 => array ( 0 => '/Неполнозубыя/439742/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53846', 10 => '0', ), 20 => array ( 0 => '/Молоток-рыба/431202/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:30', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53858', 10 => '0', ), 21 => array ( 0 => '/Лилейныя/408062/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53860', 10 => '0', ), 22 => array ( 0 => '/Монблан/431582/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53866', 10 => '0', ), 23 => array ( 0 => '/Нарзан/436972/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53872', 10 => '0', ), 24 => array ( 0 => '/Мармолата/421622/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53888', 10 => '0', ), 25 => array ( 0 => '/Мартенс/421862/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53916', 10 => '0', ), 26 => array ( 0 => '/Мартынов/421992/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53928', 10 => '0', ), 27 => array ( 0 => '/Монархиане/431422/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53946', 10 => '0', ), 28 => array ( 0 => '/Пилон-Жермен/465612/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53954', 10 => '0', ), 29 => array ( 0 => '/Легаты/404002/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53964', 10 => '0', ), 30 => array ( 0 => '/Лейден/404462/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:31', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => 'stoimost=0; kol_tovarov=0; tochka_vhoda=http%3A%2F%2Flibslovar.ru%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2F416102%2F', 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '53970', 10 => '0', ), 31 => array ( 0 => '/Лили-Джон/408072/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '54724', 10 => '0', ), 32 => array ( 0 => '/Мабюз/416202/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '54750', 10 => '0', ), 33 => array ( 0 => '/Пираргирит/466242/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '54754', 10 => '0', ), 34 => array ( 0 => '/Ляпунов/416042/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '54728', 10 => '0', ), 35 => array ( 0 => '/Маршиен-о-Пон/422162/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '54710', 10 => '0', ), 36 => array ( 0 => '/Монофелитство/431952/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '54730', 10 => '0', ), 37 => array ( 0 => '/Наригаунт/436992/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 3 => '', 4 => '216.73.216.87', 5 => NULL, 6 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 8 => NULL, 9 => '54744', 10 => '0', ), 38 => array ( 0 => '/Палатинский-холм/454162/', 1 => '2026-08-01 18:37:40', 2 => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +cl